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An overview of the major religions in South Africa

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Ancient Civilisations

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Kingdoms of Southern Africa

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Human Evolution

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The Experience of Colonialism in the 19th and 20th Centuries

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Apartheid in South Africa

 

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1 HERITAGE AND IDENTITY HERITAGE & CULTURE: • What are heritage, culture and identity? • Heritage and the South African Constitution • World Heritage Sites in South Africa • ORAL HISTORY • What is oral history? • How to interview a member of your community? • PRETORIA • Pretoria • Rivers and mountains in and around Pretoria • Museums and monuments in and around Pretoria • The name “Pretoria” and rewriting South African history
2 LEARNING FROM LEADERS Different kinds of leaders • Good leaders • Leaders from South Africa • Leaders from the rest of the world
3 THE HISTORY OF TRANSPORT Beasts of Burden • Riding on Wheels • Riding on Rails • Travelling over Water • Flying • The Environment
4 AN OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR RELIGIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA Introduction • What is Christianity? • Christian festivals • Christian symbols• What is Judaism? • Jewish festivals • Jewish symbols • What is Hinduism? •Hindu festivals• Hindu symbols •What is Islam? •Muslim festivals • Muslim symbols•What is Traditional African religion?
1 ANCIENT CIVILISATIONS Ancient Egypt • Nubia • Swahili • Mesopotamia • China • Indus River Valley • The Mesoamerican empires
2 EARLY SOUTHERN AFRICAN SOCIETIES Hunter-gatherers in Southern Africa • Herders in Southern Africa • African farmers in Southern Africa
3 PROVINCIAL HISTORIES HERITAGE & IDENTITY • OLD PROVINCES • Introduction • The Cape Province • Transvaal • Orange Free State • Natal • The homelands • NEW PROVINCES • New provinces • ORAL TRADITION • Oral tradition • Oral history and stories • LEADERS • Provincial governments • The role of a leader • Participation
   
1 KINGDOMS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA The Iron Age • Mapungubwe • Thulamela • Great Zimbabwe
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HISTORY OF MEDICINE HISTORY OF MEDICINE • Egypt • Islam • SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICINE • The First Heart Transplant • Chris Barnard • Hamilton Naki • Louis Washkansky • The Development of a Yellow Fever Vaccine • Max Theiler • TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND HEALING • What is traditional medicine and healing? • Healing plants
3 DEMOCRACY IN THE NEW SOUTH AFRICA DEMOCRACY • What is democracy? • GOVERNMENT • How is South Africa governed? • NATIONAL SYMBOLS • How we symbolise our national identity • THE CHILDREN'S CHARTER • Do children have special rights? • THE EARTH CHARTER • How to protect our planet and its people • DEMOCRACY IN SA • A look at commissions supporting democracy in South Africa
   
1 HUMAN EVOLUTION EVOLUTION • What is evolution? • THE EARLY HOMINID • Discoveries in SA • Discoveries in East Africa • BECOMING HUMAN IN SOUTHERN AFRICA • Human settlement in SA • Hunter-gatherers • The Khoikhoi • African farmers in Southern Africa • ROCK ART • SA's treasure
2 A BROAD OVERVIEW OF EARLY TRADING SYSTEMS AFRICAN TRADING SYSTEMS • East Africa and the Indian • Ocean Trade • Trans Saharan Trade • EUROPEAN TRADING SYSTEMS • Middle Age Trade in Europe • AFRICA AND THE SLAVE TRADE • Indian Ocean Slave Trade • Atlantic Slave Trade
3 MOVING FRONTIERS THE DUTCH AND THE KHOIKHOI • Arrival of the Dutch at the Cape • Contact and conflict with the Khoikhoi • THE CAPE NORTHERN FRONTIER • Conflict on the Cape Northern Frontier • THE BASOTHO • The Basotho and the birth of Lesotho • King Moshoeshoe • AMERICAN FRONTIERS • America before the 19th century • American expansion in the 19th century • The Anglo-American War • AFRICAN FRONTIERS • Colonising the Congo
4 SYSTEMS OF DEMOCRACY DEFINITIONS • Systems of Democracies and Democracy • SYSTEMS OF DEMOCRACY • System of democracy • Constitution • Type of Government • How Does Democracy Work? • DIFFERENT MODELS OF DEMOCRATIC SYSTEMS • American Revolution • American Democracy • THE UNITED KINGDOM MODEL • Westminster Model • United Kingdom • South Africa • Botswana
   
1 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION BACKGROUND • Definitions of concepts • CAUSES • What led to the French Revolution? • EVENTS • Events leading up to the Revolution • First Moderate Stage (1789-1791) • Radical Stage (1792-1794) • Second Moderate Stage (1795-1799) • EFFECTS • What did the French Revolution mean? • THE MARSEILLAISE • The French national anthem
2 INDUSTRIALISATION INDUSTRIALISATION • What is industrialisation? • INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN • Before the Revolution • Industrial Revolution • Employers & workers • INDUSTRIALISATION IN SA • Life before the mineral discoveries • DIAMONDS • The rock on which the future will be built • GOLD • The glitter of gold • LAND • From the land to the city: bridging two worlds • CITIES • Life in the city • EARLY TRADE UNION MOVEMENTS • Bound to strike back
3 RESISTING BRITISH CONTROL ANGLO-ZULU WAR • Causes • British invasion of Zululand • Effects • FIRST ANGLO-BOER WAR • Causes • The Conflict • Effects • SECOND ANGLO-BOER WAR • Causes • The Second War • Effects
4 THE EXPERIENCE OF COLONIALISM IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES The Industrial Revolution and Colonial Expansion • How did African societies experience and Respond to Colonialism • Colonialism and Exploitation of Resources
5 CHANGING IDEAS AND TECHNOLOGIES THE OUTBREAK OF WW1 INFLUENCES • Industrialisation • European nationalism • Conflict over colonies • NEW TECHNOLOGIES • Trench warfare • CHANGING ROLES • Women in World War I • SA AND WW1 • Participation in the war • The impact of the war on SA
   
1 HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES DURING AND AFTER WWII Nazi Germany • The Aryan Race • The Holocaust • After WWII
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THE END OF WORLD WAR II AND THE STRUGGLE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS UNITED NATIONS • Declaration of Human Rights & crimes against humanity • UNITED STATES OF AMERICA • Civil Rights movement • AFRICA • Human rights & anti-colonial movements • SOUTH AFRICA • The Bill of Rights
3 APARTHEID IN SOUTH AFRICA Impact of World War II • What was apartheid? • The effect of apartheid • Repression and resistance in the 1950s • Repression & the armed struggle in the 1960s • Divide & rule • The 1970s & 1980s • Building a new identity
4 NUCLEAR AGE AND THE COLD WAR NUCLEAR BOMBS • What is a nuclear bomb? • Atoms • Radioactive atoms • Fission • Fusion • Consequences of Nuclear Age explosion • THE ROOTS OF THE NUCLEAR AGE • The roots of the Nuclear age • THE CHANGING NATURE OF WAR • Before the 2nd WW • The 2nd WW • Hiroshima & Nagasaki • IDEOLOGIES • What is an ideology? • Capitalism • Communism • THE SUPERPOWERS IN THE NUCLEAR AGE • The superpowers in the Nuclear age • THE NUCLEAR AGE TODAY • The Nuclear age today • SOUTH AFRICA IN THE NUCLEAR AGE • South Africa in the Nuclear age
   
1a AFRICA BY 1500 IRON AGE SOCIETIES ON THE AFRICAN SAVANNAH • The Iron Age • KINGDOMS OF SOUTHERN AND EASTERN AFRICA • Mapungubwe • Great Zimbabwe • THE INDIAN OCEAN TRADING SYSTEM • Trading across the ocean • THE TRANS-SAHARAN TRADING SYSTEM • Trading through the desert • THE KINGDOMS OF WESTERN SUDAN • Ghana • Mali • Songha
1b SWAHILI TRADING SWAHILI • Early Origins Of the Swahili Civilisation • The role of Trade • Arab influence • THE LEGACY OF SWAHILI CIVILISATION • Language • Art and Culture
2 TRANSFORMATION IN WEST AFRICA Early history of West Africa • Trade in West Africa • West African Kingdoms • The Atlantic System
3 KINGDOMS AND TRADE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA KINGDOMS AND TRADE IN SOUTHERN AFRICA • Trade and the Rise of Powerful Kingdoms in southern Africa • SOUTHERN AFRICAN KINGDOMS • Zulu Kingdom • Basotho Kingdom • MFECANE AND TRADE • Mfecane
4 TRANSFORMATIONS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA TRANSFORMATIONS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA • Migration • THE MFECANE • Back ground • The causes of the Mfecane • The Crushing • The effects of the Mfecane • The Ndebele • THE GREAT TREK • Background • The causes of the Great Trek • The Trek • The effects of the Great Trek
5 TRANSFORMATION IN AMERICA Terminology • Explorations • Native Americans • South & Central America • North America • Consequences
6 SLAVE OWNING SOCIETIES BACKGROUND • Slavery • Slave Owning Societies • SLAVE OWNING SOCIETIES • South Africa • America • Brazil
7 TRANSFORMATIONS IN EUROPE Revolution • Political revolutions • Economic revolution • France vs. England
   
1 INDUSTRIALISATION INDUSTRIALISATION • What is industrialisation and where did it come from? • INDUSTRIALISATION IN • Britain • USA, Germany & France • CONSEQUENCES • The social, political and cultural effects of industrialisation • NATIONALISM • What is nationalism and how did it rise in Europe and the USA?
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IMPERIALISM Imperialism in Africa • British Imperialism in South Africa • Imperialism in Latin America • Spanish Imperialism • In Latin America • Japanese Imperialism
3 SOUTH AFRICA’S MINERAL AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRIALISATION IN SOUTH AFRICA • Mineral & Industrial Revolution • Economy & Society • Migrant labour • The Land • The South African War & the Mines (1899-1902) • Union, 1910 • TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE 1920s AND 1930s • Background • Economic transformations • Social transformations
4 COLONIAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND AFRICAN RESPONSES Colonial Rule • Colonial transformations and the First World War • Responses against colonial rule before the 2nd WW • Colonial Transformation and the 2nd WW • Responses against colonial rule after the 2nd WW
5 CRISIS OF CAPITALISM 1: SOCIALIST REVOLUTIONS Russian calendar • Background • Causes • The March Revolution • Provisional Government • The November Revolution • Consequences
6 CRISIS OF CAPITALISM 2: FASCISM AND NAZISM FASCISM & NAZISM • Defining political concepts • RACE & GENOCIDE • Racial theories and myths • THE RISE OF TOTALITARIANISM • The Rise of Totalitarianism • FASCISM IN EUROPE • Italy • Germany • Spain • SOUTH AFRICA • The Crisis of Capitalism and the rise of Fascism
7 THE DECLINE OF EUROPE AFTER THE WORLD WAR 2 BEFORE WORLD WAR II • Europe as a world power • The USA and USSR • WORLD WAR II • The decline of Europe & the rise of new world powers • AFTER WORLD WAR II • The emergence of a bi-polar world
   
1 1924 - 1948: PACT GOVERNMENT THE PACT GOVERNMENT • Origins • ROLE PLAYERS IN THE PACT GOVERNMENT • South African Party • Labour Party • The National Party • IMPACT OF THE PACT GOVERNMENT • Pact Administration • CHALLENGES OF PACT GOVERNMENT • Recognition of Afrikaans and the flag • Road to sovereign independence • DEBATES WITHIN PACT GOVERNMENT • Coalition, fusion and splits in the government • DEMISE OF PACT GOVERNMENT • Post-war problems and 1948 elections
2 1924 - 1948: LEGISLATION AND SEGREGATION SEGREGATION • Introduction • The concept of segregation • LEGISLATION • Discriminatory legislation up to 1924 • Political legislation • Economic legislation • Indian legislation
3 1924 - 1948: SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC SECTORS • Mining • Agriculture • Industry and manufacturing • THE GREAT DEPRESSION • The Great Depression and its effects • LABOUR • Urbanisation and migrant labour • Poverty and social conditions
4 1924 - 1948: SOUTH AFRICAN FOREIGN RELATIONS INTRODUCTION • Department of Foreign Affairs and relations with the League of Nations • THE WORLD WAR II • South Africa’s role in the Second World War • THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION • SA’s role in its establishment • SA’s racial policy • Control of S.W.A./Namibia
5 1948 - 1976: CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS A REPUBLIC • The republican policies of Malan, Strijdom & Verwoerd • THE COMMONWEALTH • SA’s withdrawal from the Commonwealth of Nations • REACTIONS • Reactions to the formation of a republic
6 1948 - 1976: LEGISLATION & SEGREGATION APARTHEID • The Concept and Ideology of apartheid • THE IMPLEMENTATION OF APARTHEID • Major Legislation to implement apartheid, 1948-1958 • RESISTANCE • Initial Resistance to apartheid, 1948-1958 • SEPARATE DEVELOPMENT • Concept, legislation and implementation of separate development
7 1948 - 1976: INTENSIFIED RESISTANCE THE P.A.C. • Formation of the PAC • SHARPEVILLE & LANGA • Sharpeville massacre and Langa uprising • ARMED RESISTANCE • Formation of MK & Poqo • RIVONIA • The Trial and its impact • JOHANNESBURG BOMB • The 1964 bomb at the Johannesburg Station • NEW ORGANISATIONS • Formation of new organisations • THE SOWETO UPRISINGS • Causes • Course and spread • Consequences • ROLE PLAYERS • The Black Consciousness Movement • Student organisations
8 1948 - 1976: SOUTH AFRICAN FOREIGN RELATIONS OPPOSITION • Initial international opposition to SA’s racial policies • THE UNO • The United Nations Organisation’s actions against SA • POLICIES & STATEMENTS • The Lusaka Manifesto and other policies and statements made from exile • “OUTWARD LOOKING” POLICY • The strengthening of relations with Africa and with the West • ISOLATION • Cultural and sporting isolation
9 1976 - 1994: SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Background •Social Issues •Riekert Commission •The rise of trade unions •CUSA, COSATU, FOSATU and NACTU
10 1976 - 1994: RESISTANCE AND EXTRA-PARLIAMENTARY ACTIVITIES RESISTANCE AND EXTRA PARLIAMENTARY ACTIVITIES IN THE 1980S • Reaction to the 1983 constitutional reforms • The Formation of the UDF • The Role of the Churches • The extension and the role of Black Consciousness • Township Organisation • Formation of the Mass Democratic Movement • Mass Resistance until 1994
11 1976 - 1994: SOUTH AFRICAN FOREIGN RELATIONS BACKGROUND • Background • FOREIGN RELATIONS UNDER VORSTER • Vorster’s foreign policy and the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe • Period of Non-Intervention • P W BOTHA AND SOUTH AFRICA’S FOREIGN RELATIONS • PW Botha and Southern African States • Formation of a pro-South African Regional bloc • Intensification of international pressure • F W DE KLERK AND SOUTH AFRICA’S FOREIGN RELATIONS • South Africa’s Foreign Relations and Transition to democracy
12 1977 - 1989: THE POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA BACKGROUND • Background • National Party power struggles • REPRESSION AND REFORMS • ‘Botha’s strategy’ • Tricameral proposal • Alienation of Black Africans & Bantustans • GROWING SECURITY CONCERNS • State security strategy • Repression measures • COLLAPSE OF APARTHEID • End of Botha’s era     
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1976 - 1994: THE MOVE TO DEMOCRACY PREPARING FOR CHANGE • Early talks • The unbanning of political organisations and the release of Mandela • TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY • The GrooteSchuur and Pretoria minute • Codesa I and II • Multi-party negotiations process • THREATS TO NEGOTIATIONS • Threats to negotiations • The birth of the new SA
14 AFRICA IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY COLONISATION AND COLONIALISM • Colonisation and Colonialism • African Nationalism • Independence Movement • POST-INDEPENDENCE DEVELOPMENTS • Economic • Social • Political • AFRICAN UNITY • Formation of the OAU • Successes and Failures of the OAU • Cold War in Africa
15 THE RISE OF SOVIET RUSSIA BACKGROUND • Russia before 1917 • REVOLUTIONS • The February Revolution • The October Revolution • Vladimir Illich Lenin • POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS UNDER LENIN FROM 1917 – 1924 • Lenin’s Political policies, 1917-1921 • Lenin’s Economic policies, 1921- 1924 • POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS UNDER STALIN FROM 1924 – 1939 • Stalin’s Political Policies • Stalin’s Five-Year Plans 1928-1939 • Joseph Stalin • Socialism
16 THE RISE OF THE USA 1917-1939 FOREIGN POLICY • US and WWI • Aftermath of WWI • ECONOMY • Economic boom • Economic Crisis • Roosevelt New Deal
17 CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH LED TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR CAUSES OF WW2 • WW1 peace settlement • Totalitarianism in Germany, Italy & Japan • German Aggression • INTERNATIONAL CRISIS AND RESPONSE • Reaction to German Aggression
18 THE COLD WAR 1945 - 1970 DEFINITION • What was the Cold War? • ROOTS • The origin of the Cold War • GROUPING OF POWERS • Expansion in E-Europe • The Truman Doctrine • The Marshall Plan • The Berlin Crisis • NATO • Warsaw Pact • CONFLICTS • Cuban Missile Crisis • Korea • Poland • Hungary • Czechoslovakia

 

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Transformation in West Africa

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Imperialism

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Socio-Economic Development from 1976 - 1994

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