Timeline
1902 Treaty of Vereeniging
31 May 1910 adoption
of South Africa’s first constitution
8 Jan 1912 formation of the ANC
1948 National Party comes to power
26 June 1955 adoption of the Freedom Charter
March 1960 Sharpeville massacre
1975 Mozambique and Angola gain independence
1980 Zimbabwe gains independence
1983 formation of the United Democratic Front
1985 P.W. Botha’s
Rubicon speech
November 1985 Kobie Coetsee meets Nelson Mandela in a Cape Town
hospital
July 1987 Dakar meeting between ANC and Afrikaans opinion makers
5 July 1989 Mandela meets Botha at Tuynhuys
21 August 1989 Harare Declaration
12 Sept 1989 first official meeting between exiled ANC leaders and
NP, Lausanne
14 Sept 1989 F.W. de Klerk becomes State President
November 1989 fall of the Berlin Wall
13 Dec 1989 first meeting between Mandela and De Klerk
1990 Namibia gains independence
January 1990 Harms Commission appointed to look into state-sponsored
violence
2 Feb 1990 De Klerk opens Parliament; announces freeing of Mandela
and other political prisoners
5 May 1990 Groote Schuur Minute
December 1991 beginning of negotiations at kempton Park
17 March 1992 whites-only referendum
17 June 1992 Boipatong massacre
10 April 1993 assassination of Chris Hani
25 June 1993 AWB invasion of multi-party negotiations
December 1993 Interim Constitution ratified by Parliament
March 1994 right-wing
whites’ abortive military action in
Bophuthatswana
27 April 1994 South
Africa’s first democratic election
1994-1996 Constitutional Assembly writes the new Constitution
1995 TRC begins its work
1998 initial report of the TRC to the President
2003 final report of the TRC to the President