This Week In History – 11 September

11 September 1804 - The school order of Jacob Abraham (Uitenhage) de Mist eliminates the influence of the church on education and places it under state control.

11 September 1815 - Lady Elizabeth Somerset, wife of governor Lord Charles Somerset, dies at Newlands House, Cape Town. She is buried in the Groote Kerk , but her body is removed shortly afterwards to England and reburied in Badminton church.

11 September 1840 - British bombard Beirut to force Mehmet Ali, pasha of Egypt, to submit.

11 September 1873 - Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet, jurist and politician and Chief Justice of the Union of South Africa, is born in Aliwal North district, CP.

11 September 1896 - In reaction to an inquiry, officials in Pretoria reply that Johannesburg is named after Johann Rissik and Christiaan Johannes Joubert – the only document dealing with the origin of city's name.

11 September 1900 - Anglo-Boer War 2: Pres. Paul Kruger crosses the Transvaal border on his way to Lourenço Marques, from where he leaves for Europe six weeks later aboard the Gelderland .

11 September 1900 - Anglo-Boer War 2 - General Schalk W. Burger is appointed as Acting State President in Kruger's absence.

11 September 1926 - Dr Gerrit Viljoen, first rector of the Randse Afrikaanse Universiteit, is born in Cape Town.

11 September 1928 - Afrikaans is used for the first time in an international document when the Convention of Mozambique is signed in Pretoria

11 September 1946 - The Natal Indian Congress (NIC) declines an invitation by the Durban Mayor's office to enable members of the Indian community to see the Royal family during their visit to Durban in March the following year.

11 September 1950 - General Jan Christiaan Smuts (80), former prime minister of SA, dies on his farm Irene, near Pretoria.

11 September 1971 - The Australian Cricket Board decides to withdraw its invitation to the South African Cricket Team to tour Australia. http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1973 - Eleven rioting miners are shot by police and twenty-seven injured at the Western Deep Levels mine, Carltonville in a confrontation arising from a pay dispute. http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1974 - The government is empowered to set up a Publications Board which would endeavour to present and uphold the Christian view of life. http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1975 - The visit of the Ivory Coast's Minister of Information, M.L. Dona-Fologo, to South Africa on a fact finding tour, starts. It is described as the first visit to South Africa by a West African minister. http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1984 - Following unrest and rioting in the townships, the Minister of Law and Order prohibits all meetings of more than two persons, discussing politics or which is in protest against or in support or in memoriam of anything, until 30 September 1984. http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1987 - A revised National Statutory Council is released providing a forum for Blacks to discuss policy and assist in drawing up a new constitution. http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1990 - A delegation of officials of the African National Congress (ANC), the United Democratic Front (UDF) and the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) met with President de Klerk to discuss the issue of violence. After the meeting, ANC Deputy- President Nelson Mandela, who led the delegation, warned that "the failure of action on the part of the Government threatened the peace process".http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1991 - Oregon State legislature rescinded 1987 legislation banning investment of State funds in companies doing business with SA. http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1991 - General Obasanjo and a delegation of 16 Nigerians met President de Klerk, Mandela, Buthelezi etc. http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1995 - South Africa signs agreement with Germany regarding technical cooperation; Treaty concerning Reciprocal encouragement and protection of investments, and; Basic agreement concerning the secondment of development works of the German Development Service. http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1996 - The Chamber of Mines and the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) sign an agreement on wages and working conditions averting the likelihood of damaging strikes in the coal and gold mining industries. http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1997 - Mother Teresa, Nobel laureate known world wide for her charity work, who visited SA in 1988, receives the first state funeral accorded a private citizen of India since the death of Mohandas K. Gandhi in 1948. http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1997 - The Bafana Bafana, SA soccer team, loses 1-2 against France in an away game.

11 September 1998 - The Johannesburg and the Namibian Stock Exchanges sign an accord for the exchange of technology, skills and information. (Wallis: Nuusdagboek).

11 September 1998 - The Commonwealth Games, including teams of South Africa, is officially opened in Kuala Lumpur by His Majesty, the King of Malaysia. http://www.sahistory.org.za

11 September 1999 - The Gauteng Lions win the Bankfin-Currie Cup by beating the Natal Sharks on King's Park rugby field 32-9.

11 September 2001 - Thousands are killed after terrorists crashed hijacked airliners into the World Trade Centre in New York and the Pentagon in Washington. The effect was felt world wide, also in SA, where i.a. flights to the USA were suspended and security measures at airports tightened, and the economy affected adversely. http://www.sahistory.org.za

12 September 1812 - Robert Biggar, SA trader and adventurer, is born in Cowpur, Scotland.

12 September 1864 - Abraham Esau, Calvinian Coloured leader and martyr is born in Kenhardt, Cape Colony. He aided the British Imperial cause during Anglo-Boer War 2 and was brutally assaulted and murdered when captured by a Boer division.

12 September 1900 - Anglo-Boer War 2: The governor of Portuguese East Africa, J.J. Machado, invites Pres. Kruger to stay in the official residence in Lourenço Marques as guest. Kruger, highly suspicious, interprets this as being placed under ‘house arrest' (Cloete: The Anglo-Boer War: a chronology).

12 September 1903 - The SA rugby team beats the British Isles for the first time in a rugby test series by winning the third test in Newlands 8-0. They shared the first two matches.

12 September 1907 - Prof. Felix Lategan, first professor in Afrikaans and Dutch at the University College of the Western Cape, is born.

12 September 1931 - Andries J. Bester (81), Boer commandant during Anglo-Boer War 2, dies in Paul Roux, OFS. (Wallis: Nuusdagboek).

12 September 1951 - Willem Hendrik Andriaan Boshoff, S.A artist, is born in Vanderbijlpark, Transvaal. (Rankin: Images of Wood, p. 92).

12 September 1955 - Kairo is struck by an earthquake in which sixteen people die. (Wallis: Nuusdagboek).

12 September 1970 - The SA rugby team wins the fourth test against New Zealand 20-17 in Johannesburg, thereby winning the series 3-1.

12 September 1972 - Dr. H. Muller is elected as the National Party's leader in the Transvaal, following the resignation of B. Schoeman. His election is considered to make him the successor-designate to John Vorster as Prime Minister.

12 September 1975 - The Coloured Persons Representative Council (CRC) adjourns without passing its budget and urges the government to meet its demands for Parliamentary representation and full rights as citizens. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

12 September 1979 - South Africa's new Ambassador to the United Nations, Adriaan (Riaan) Eksteen, presents his credentials to the Secretary-General, Dr. Kurt Waldheim. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

12 September 1981 - The SA rugby team loses the third test against new Zealand in Auckland 22-25 and the series 1-2. Ray Mort scores three tries. (Wallis: Nuusdagboek).

12 September 1984 - South African riot police use tear gas and whips in Soweto as unrest continue and a sweeping ban on meetings critical of the Government come into effect. Opposition leaders criticise the ban, saying that the Government appear to be overreacting to the unrest, in which about 40 people have died in the past fortnight.
http:// www.sahistory.org.za

12 September 1988 - President P.W. Botha visits Mozambique and in talks with President Joaquim Chissano, pledges not to support RENAMO, to defend and rebuild the Cahora Bassa power lines and to increase economic cooperation between the two countries. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

12 September 1989 - Adv. Anton Lubowski (37), secretary-general of the South West African People's Organisation (Swapo), is shot and killed outside his home in Windhoek. www.doj.gov.za September trc September hrvtrans September heide September ct00001.htm - 43k

12 September 1990 - The four victorious allies of World War II (WWII) and the two Germanys formally end the war, signing a treaty that clear way for a united Germany on 3 October. This war influenced the SA history to a great extent, i.a. the rise of Afrikaner nationalism. http: September September www.andibradley.com September whatya September sep12.htm

12 September 1990 - The Amsterdam-based Shipping Research Bureau publish a report entitled "Fuel for Apartheid" on oil supplies to South Africa, which estimated that South Africa's efforts to circumvent the oil embargo have cost the country more than $US 2,000 million per year for over a decade.http:// www.sahistory.org.za

12 September 1991 - South Africa signs trade agreement with the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

12 September 1995 - South Africa signs framework agreement for financial cooperation with the European Investment Bank. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

12 September 1996 - Iranian President Rafsanjani arrives in South Africa as part of a six-nation tour of Sub-Saharan Africa amid opposition to it within and without South Africa. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

13 September 1851 - The St Helena of 142 tons is wrecked at Plettenberg Bay.

13 September 1879 - Sir Sydney Smith Bell (74), chief justice of the Cape Colony, dies in London.

13 September 1899 - Lieutenant-Colonel R.G. Kekewich arrives in Kimberley to assess the military situation and to advise the new General Officer Commanding British Troops in South Africa, Lieutenant-General F.W.E.F. Forestier-Walker, on the defence of the town.

13 September 1900 - The young Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands puts the Gelderland to the disposal of Pres. Paul Kruger to journey to Europe.

13 September 1900 - Anglo-Boer War 2 - Lord Roberts issues a proclamation calling on the Republican forces still in the field to surrender.

13 September 1905 - The mayor of Cape Town, Hyman Lieberman, opens the large synagogue in the city.

13 September 1914 - General Jan C.G. Kemp resigns as officer in the SA army because of the war policy of the Botha government and joins the Rebellion force. (Wallis: Nuusdagboek).

13 September 1924 - The match between the SA rugby team and the British Isles ends in a tie with 3-3.

13 September 1955 - Richard Victor Selope Thema, politician, journalist and newspaper editor of i.a. The Bantu World , dies in Orlando West, Johannesburg. He was born in at Ga-Mamabolo, Piersburg district in 1886.

13 September 1966 - The Parliamentary caucus of the National Party unanimously elects B.J. Vorster, Minister of Justice, as its new leader. He automatically becomes Prime Minister. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

13 September 1973 - Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi, the Chief Councillor, announces that the South African government has agreed that members of the Kwazulu Executive Council should be allowed to possess firearms. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

13 September 1976 - A second strike call (13-15 September) in Soweto leads to absenteeism estimated at 75-80 per cent in Johannesburg. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

13 September 1977 - At the Transvaal National Party Congress the constitutional proposals are accepted by 1,236 votes out of 1,243. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

13 September 1978 - The Venda Independence Party (VIP) boycotts the opening of the Venda Parliament despite having won thirty-one of the forty-two elected seats. The boycott is prompted by the arrest, after the election of twelve of the new VIP Parliamentarians. They were detained together with nearly forty other opposition supporters. http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/mainframe.htm

13 September 1979 - Venda is declared independent in terms of the Republic of Venda Constitution Act 9 of 1979.Chief Mphephu is named as the first president of the newly ‘independent' homeland. The South African government drafted the legislation creating the new ‘state' as well as picked who would be its leaders. http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/mainframe.htm

13 September 1984 - Bongani Khumalo, student activist of COSAS, is shot dead by police in Soweto.

13 September 1987 - Venda Border Extension Act No 31, including further territory into Venda, commences. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

13 September 1988 - Three leading anti-apartheid activists, Mohammed Valhi Moasa, Murphy Moroke, and Vusi Khanyile, escape from detention and seek refuge in the American Consulate in Johannesburg. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

13 September 1990 - At least six persons were killed and 400 shacks destroyed during a night attack on a squatter camp in the township of Thokoza. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

13 September 1993 - Signs agreement with Bahrain on the establishment of diplomatic relations. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

13 September 1994 - South Africa signs protocol on consultations between the Department of Foreign Affairs of South Africa and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

13 September 1995 - SA signs agreement with Israel concerning the establishment of a joint Commission of Cooperation. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

13 September 1997 - A German Tupolef plane and an American Starlifter collide off the Namibian coast, killing 33 people.

13 September 1998 - An agreement is signed by several role-players, including the Minister of Land Affairs, Derek Hanekom, to redevelop District Six in Cape Town as a residential area.

13 September 1998 - A German photographer, Christian Hohmann (36), dies in a KwaZulu nature reserve when an elephant cow gores him

13 September 1998 - Gary Bernard, photographer of The Star and winner of Fiji Film's award Photographer of the Year for 1998, commits suicide in Johannesburg.

13 September 1998 - Owen Horwood (81), former SA minister of finance, dies in Stellenbosch.

14 September 1665 - Holy Communion is served at the Cape by residing pastor Johan (Joan) van Arckel for the first time.

14 September 1795 - The British force of Gen. J.H. Craig captures the Cape without a shot being fired. The Dutch soldiers are sent home two days later.

14 September 1862 - Transvaal burghers shoot Jacobus du Toit on horseback. He refuses to stop when challenged and he is wounded and the horse killed. The town is shocked and Bloed Street in Pretoria is named after this incident.

14 September 1863 - Dr William Gill (66), SA book collector, dies in Somerset East.

14 September 1889 - Leon Maré, SA author and winner of the Hertzog award, is born.

14 September 1905 - Sir Jacob Dirk Barry (73), judge president of the Eastern division since 1880, dies in Queenstown, Eastern Cape.

14 September 1914 - WWI - The first ships with SA soldiers on board leave for the ports of German South West Africa to invade the territory.

14 September 1918 - The first cases of Spanish Flu are diagnosed in Durban, starting the influenza epidemic in SA that kills 139 471 people within a few weeks.

14 September 1957 - Kepler Wessels, captain of the SA Springbok Cricket Team, is born.

14 September 1966 - Justice van Wyk of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court is appointed as a one-man Commission to inquire into all aspects of the assassination of Dr Verwoerd. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

14 September 1967 - Louis Washkansky, first heart transplant patient in the world on 3 December 1967, is admitted to Groote Schuur hospital in Cape Town.

14 September 1976 - Security Police continue to arrest prominent members of the Coloured community. Several Black journalists who covered the Soweto riots are also detained.

14 September 1980 - The Council of Unions of South Africa (CUSA) is formed, comprising 9 affiliates.

14 September 1982: The Transvaal Congress of the National Party overwhelmingly supports P.W. Botha's constitutional proposals

14 September 1984: The inauguration of the new President, P.W. Botha, takes place. Under the revised Constitution, the post of President combines the ceremonial duties of Head of State with the executive functions of Prime Minister. Mr. Botha is also chairman of the Cabinet, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and controls the National Intelligence Service which includes the Secretariat of the State Security Council.

14 September 1984 - Margaret Thatcher, the British Prime Minister, gives an assurance that the six refugees will not be required to leave the consulate against their will

14 September 1989 - F.W. de Klerk is elected president of South Africa and is officially installed on 20 September.

14 September 1989 - On the eve of the election in South West Africa (Namibia), the Swapo leader Sam Nujoma arrives in Windhoek, after nearly 30 years in exile.

14 September 1990 - Forty-seven commuters have died on the previous and this day in attacks on Jeppe and Denver stations.

14 September 1990 - Nelson Mandela said after meeting President de Klerk that the Government was convinced that there was "some hidden hand" behind the violence in the townships

14 September 1991 - A National Peace Accord is signed by all major political organisations at a conference held at the Carlton Hotel. The PAC and AZAPO attend proceedings, but refuse to sign the accord, while right wing organisations refuse to participate in the session.

14 September 1991 - Commonwealth Committee of Foreign Ministers on Southern Africa, meeting in New Delhi, reiterated "programmed management" approach to sanctions. It recommended that "people-to-people" sanctions can now be lifted.

14 September 1992 - South Africa signs agreement with Namibia on the establishment of a permanent Water Commission and an agreement with Namibia on the Vioolsdrift and Noordoewer joint irrigation scheme.

14 September 1992 - In a statement on the National Peace Accord, the Human Rights Commission (HRC) of South Africa states that some 3,400 persons have died in political violence in the year following the signing of the Accord

14 September 1993 - South Africa signs bilateral monetary agreement with the government of Namibia

15 September 1816 - Erasmus Smit, afterwards pastor of the Voortrekkers, is ordained as missionary in Torenberg (now Colesberg) by the Reverend James Read of the London Missionary Society.

15 September 1825 - Dr James Barry is summoned to appear in court after declaring that a certain person ought to be in hospital and not in prison.

He September she (it was later alleged that he September she was a woman) refuses to take the oath or answer questions, and is imprisoned.

15 September 1851 - The George Henri Harrison , 136 tons, is wrecked at Plettenberg Bay after it left the bay during a storm. (Wallis: Nuusdagboek).

15 September 1892 - The railway line between Cape Town and Johannesburg is completed. The first train arrives after a journey lasting two days, fourteen hours and forty-three minutes.

15 September 1901 - Anglo-Boer War 2 - Fifteen members of the notorious special British unit called the Bushveld Carbineers send a petition to Colonel Hall of the Royal Artillery, requesting a full and impartial inquiry to the alleged atrocities perpetrated by members of their unit.

15 September 1910 - The first general election in the Union of South Africa takes place. General Louis Botha becomes first Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa.

15 September 1914 - Gen. C.F. Beyers, Commandant-General of SA, resigns his commission in protest against the resolution of the government to enter into the war against Germany

15 September 1914 - Gen. Koos de la Rey, travelling with Gen. Beyers, is wounded in the back and killed in Langlaagte, Johannesburg, when the driver of his car is ordered to crash a police barrier.

15 September 1938 - Bruce Murray Arnott, S.A artist, is born in Highflats, Ixopo District, Natal.

15 September 1964 - South Africa signs agreement with Portugal (for Mozambique), Northern Rhodesia, and Malawi on postal services. http:// www.sahistory.org.za

15 September 1965 - Augustine Makalakalane, SA Bafana soccer player, is born.

15 September 1976 - Some 200,000 Coloured workers stay away from work (15 – 16 September) in the Cape Town area. The extent of the strike is unexpected and unprecedented.

15 September 1978 - France returns the deposit paid by South Africa for two corvettes and two submarines.

15 September 1984 - Members of a new Cabinet responsible for general affairs of government and three Ministers' Councils are appointed and sworn in on 17 September 1984.

The leader of the Labour Party, the Reverend H.J. (Allan) Hendrikse and A. Rajbansi of the NPP are appointed to the Cabinet as Chairmen of the Ministers' Councils, but neither is given a ministerial portfolio.

15 September 1986 - Black Communities Development Amendment Act No 74 commences

15 September 1994 - South Africa signs joint communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Republic of Nicaragua.

15 September 1995 - South Africa signs agreement with the Palestine Liberation Organisation, regarding the establishment of a Joint Commission of Cooperation.

15 September 1998 - Dr Achmat Davids (59), historian, researcher and author, dies in Cape Town.

15 September 2002 - An antenatal survey is conducted by the Department of Health the first since 1990. An internationally recognized tool for estimating the magnitude, growth and spread of the HIV epidemic over time, the latest South African survey reveals that 5,3 million people in this country are living with HIV or AIDS.

15 September 2002 - A truck belonging to Boeremag member Lets Pretorius is found in Lichtenburg with weapons and other supplies. Pretorius is arrested and charged

16 September 1795: After peace negotiations started earlier, the formal surrender of the Cape Colony by Abraham Sluysken to the British takes place, according to the Treaty of Rustenburg, signed in Rondebosch, Cape Town.

16 September 1839 - About this date Mpande, half brother of Dingaan, flees south over the Tugela River with 17 000 men and some cattle.

16 September 1851 - Newton Adams (47), missionary and first physician in Natal, dies in Amanzimtoti.

16 September 1874 - Pieter Kuyper de Vos de Villiers, known as P.K. de Villiers, composer of several psalm and hymn melodies, is born in Caledon, CP.

16 September 1899 - Dr George Ellis Ntsane Ross, cultural leader, politician and establisher of the Johannesburg branch of Nasionale Pers (National Press), is born in Harrismith.

16 September 1900 - Anglo-Boer War: Over the next two days, due to lack of ammunition, twenty-four field guns of the ZAR are blown up by their crews at Hectorspruit and thrown into the Crocodile River.

16 September 1902 - Maud Francis Eyston Sumner, SA painter, who lived, worked and exhibited in SA, England and France, is born in Johannesburg.

16 September 1917 - Alwyn (Louis) Schlebusch, president of the President's Council and speaker of parliament is born in Lady Grey, CP.

16 September 1925 - Hendrik and Mathilda Hanekom, pioneers of Afrikaans theatre, give the first performance of one of their plays at the Premier Mine, Cullinan.

16 September 1938 - Bernardus R. Buys (Barbu) (62), sub-editor of two of the first Afrikaans publications, Ons Klyntji and Die Patriot , dies at Buffelshoek, district Pretoria.

16 September 1939 - Breyten Breytenbach, SA poet and anti-apartheid activist, is born in Bonnievale, CP.

16 September 1941 - Shah Reza Khan Pahlavi of Persia abdicates in favour of his son, Muhammad Reza. He moves first to Mauritius and in 1942 to SA, where he dies in Johannesburg in 1944.

16 September 1943 - A commemorative exhibition of the work of painter and cartoonist John Amschewitz opens in the City Hall in Johannesburg

16 September 1963 - The final report of the United Nations Special Committee on Apartheid gives a detailed review of developments in South Africa's racial policies since 6 November 1962. It is unanimously approved and published on 18 September 1963

16 September 1974 - The United States decides to sell helicopters and reconnaissance aircraft to South Africa.

16 September 1974 - The Minister of Defence announces that South Africa will soon build its own tanks.

16 September 1974 - The Johannesburg newspaper Beeld is published for the first time, with Schalk Pienaar as editor.

16 September 1975 - South Africa fails to return for the 30th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York. Its relations with the United Nations are said to be under review.

16 September 1980 - Mbulelo Mabizela, SA footballer who was winner of the Kick Off Magazine Soccer Player of the Season, 02 September 03 award, is born in Pietermaritzburg.

16 September 1983: Latin American Regional Conference for Action against Apartheid, Caracas, (16-18 Sept.), organised by the Special Committee against Apartheid in cooperation with the Government of Venezuela , starts.

16 September 1985 - South Africa and Namibian Security Forces cross into Angola in pursuit of SWAPO forces.

16 September 1986 - Fire and fumes in the Kinross mine kill 177 people in one of South Africa's worst gold mine disasters.

16 September 1986 - The European Economic Community (EEC) imposes sanctions against South Africa, coal being the exception

16 September 1987 - Othello is staged for the first time in SA with a Black actor, John Kani.

16 September 1991 - Safeguards Agreement between IAEA and South Africa: South Africa signed an agreement allowing the inspection of its nuclear facilities by the International Atomic Energy Agency.

16 September 1992 - The visit of Virendra Dayal, special envoy of the Secretary-General to SA, starts.

16 September 1994 - South Africa signs agreement establishing diplomatic relations with Sri Lanka.

16 September 1996 - Former Police Colonel Eugene de Kock begins his evidence in Pretoria Supreme Court by revealing his part in the apartheid regime's ‘dirty tricks' campaign. Pleading in mitigation, his testimony implicates leading NP figures and senior officers in the security forces over a two-week period. He insists he was part of a systematic campaign which encompassed the police, armed forces and covert security units

16 September 1999 - An officer of 1SA Infantry Battallion, Lt. Sibusiso Madubela, shoots seven of his White colleagues and wounds five (of whom one dies a week later) before he is shot down.

16 September 1999 - Floors Duvenhage (81), SA rugby player, dies of heart failure in Somerset West.

17 September 1819 - Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, first president of the Transvaal elected in 1857 and founder of Pretoria, is born on the farm Pretoriuskloof, district Graaff-Reinet.

17 September 1825 - Sir Donald Currie, ship magnate and donor of the Currie Cups for rugby and cricket, is born in Greenock, Scotland

17 September 1832 - About 2 000 slave owners meet in Cape Town to complain against new slave regulations to be implemented at the Cape, claiming that according to existing regulations the working conditions at the Cape was already better in many respects than conditions of factory workers in Britain

17 September 1860 - The Alfred Dock in Table Bay is officially opened by Prince Alfred Ernest Albert (16), second son of Queen Victoria, after whom several places and towns in SA are named, e.g. Port Alfred

17 September 1884 - Joanna Everarda (Jo) Fourie, wife of Dr H.C.M. Fourie, who herself was one of the most avid collectors of Afrikaans folk music (Boeremusiek), is born.

17 September 1888 - Samuel Bonnin Hobson, school inspector of the Cape Province and co-author with his brother G.C. Hobson of animal stories, is born in Grahamstown. (Wallis: Nuusdagboek; Swart: Afrikaanse Kultuuralmanak).

17 September 1896 - Nicholaas (Nicolaas) Waterboer, Griqua chief of Griquatown and eldest son of Andries Waterboer and his wife Gertruida Pienaar, born in 1819, dies in Griquatown

17 September 1901 - Anglo-Boer War 2 - Commandant-General Louis Botha and General Cheere Emmett join forces to invade Natal.

17 September 1903 - Joseph Chamberlain, British colonial secretary who played an important role in Britain's decisions on South Africa and other British colonies, resigns because of tax reforms.

17 September 1908 - Ernest George Bock, SA cricket player in one test match (1935 September 1936), is born in Kimberley.

17 September 1921 - The match between the rugby teams of SA and New Zealand ends in a draw with no points being scored.

17 September 1949 - The SA rugby team beats New Zealand 11-8 in Port Elizabeth and wins the series 4-0.

17 September 1948 - Maria Helena Gertruida Christina Lee (49) is executed for the murder on her lover, Alwyn Smith.

17 September 1968 - Prime Minister Vorster criticises the decision to include a coloured cricketer, Basil d'Oliveira, in the British MCC team to tour South Africa in 1968. South African sports policy does not permit this, and the MCC is asked to cancel the tour.

17 September 1976 - A total of sixty-five documents concerning the establishment of an independent Transkei are signed in Pretoria by the Prime Minister and Chief Kaiser Matanzima

17 September 1978 - Menachem Begin, Anwar Sadat and US President Jimmy Carter sign the Camp David accord, laying the groundwork for a permanent peace agreement between Egypt and Israel after three decades of hostilities.

17 September 1993 - Ten people die in Umtata, Transkei when ANC slogan chanters storm them in a well orchestrated attack on stock thieves

17 September 1994: The Labour Party decides to disband after twenty-nine years in existence.

17 September 1996 - The South African Foreign Affairs Department denies Iranian media reports that the government has endorsed Iran's human rights record and has called for the withdrawal of foreign forces from the Gulf.

17 September 1998 - A fist fight between parliamentarians of the ANC and National Party erupts in the parliament in Cape Town, in which Johnny de Lange of the ANC and Manie Schoeman of the NP are the chief culprits.

17 September 1998 - Abraham Geldenhuys (66), former Springbok wrestler, dies in Bellville of lung cancer.

17 September 1999 - Breyten Breytenbach receives the Hertzog Prize for his two poetry volumes, ‘ Oorblyfsels: ‘n roudig' and ‘ Papierblom'.

17 September 2001 - The South African Gymnastics Federation announces in Johannesburg that the first ever National Gymnastic Games will be taking place from September 28 to October 3 at various sports centres in and around the Pretoria area.

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Coleman, M. (ed). (1998). A Crime Against Humanity: analysing the repression of the apartheid state , Johannesburg: Human Rights Committee.

Footballer of the decade: Bafana Bafana record. (2004). Kick Off. Special ed. 1994-2004, p. 10.

Joyce, P. (2000). South Africa in the 20 th Century: chronicles of an era , London: Struik.

Mothowagae, D. (2004). ‘Mbulelo Mabizela', Kick Off 1994-2004 , Special Edition, p. 61.

Potgieter, D.J. et al. (eds). (1970). Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa , NASOU: Cape Town.

SA National Museum of Military History. (1999). Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902 , The Museum: Johannesburg.

Swart, M.J., et al. (eds). (1980). Afrikaanse Kultuuralmanak , Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge: Aucklandpark.

Verwey, E.J. (ed). (1995). New Dictionary of South African Biography, v.1 . HSRC Publishers: Pretoria.

Wallis, F. (2000). Nuusdagboek: feite en fratse oor 1000 jaar, Kaapstad: Human & Rousseau.